Cylinder-liner.



liners or bushings and to means for inserte depending upon the t which it isto be associatedv rJIhe shell or therefore -of the invention can be obtained by referring circumferentially continuous UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEFIoE.

CARL G. SPBAIDO, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO ALLIS-CHAI|MERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A. CORPORATION OF .DELA- WARE.

CYLINDER-LINER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patnted Dec, 9, 1913,

i Application sled my 12, 1910. seran No. 560,795.

liner 3, see Fig. 1, is cylindrical in form, having a through bore against which the engine piston, not shown, normally coacts. The liner 3 has a section diameter near its middle, forming an annular flange t. This flange 4 coacts with a corresponding groove in the cylinder wall 2 and divides the liner 3 into the two end portions 5, 6, which are adjacent the flange 4. The portion 5 has a larger outside diameter than that ofthe portion 6, the wall 2 being bored correspondingly at the surfaces of coaction of the portions 5, 6, therewith, see Figs. 1` and 2. The diameters of the .portions 5, 6, are-determined by the material of which the liner 3 and cylinder wall 2 are constructed, by the temperature to which they are cooled and heated during shrinking, and by the diameter of the bore of the cylinder liner. These diameters'must, however, be such that the relative posit-ions of cylinder wall 2 and liner 3 are as shown in Fig. 2, with the members cooled and heated respectively, shrinkage space 7 is practically constant throughout the length of the liner 3, the outside diameter of the flange d being slightly less than the internal diameter of the wall 2 at the section thereof along which the end port-ion 5 normally coacts. The outside diameter ofthe flange 4 is, however, slightly larger than the, internal diameter of the wall 2 at the section thereof along which portion 6 normally coacts, so that 'the liner 3 cannot pass entirely through the interior bore of the wall 2, and can b e inserted into position from one end ofthe cylinder 1 In the modification, see Fig. 3, the end portions 51, 61, of the liner 31, have equal outside diameters. The cylinder wall 2 has a through bore execept` for an internal flange 8 at one end of the liner 31, and the recess which receives the flange 4 of the liner 31.

ln constructing the cylinder 1, the wall 2 is bored to three slightly smaller than the corresponding outside 'diameters of the portions of the liner 3 which are intended to coact therewith after shrinking. The outer surfaces of the liner 3 having been turned to the proper diameters, the liner 3 is-provided with false heads at its ends, and the chamber formed by the liner and false heads yis filled with a To all 'whom z' may concern Be it known that I, CARL G. SPnAno, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of l/Visconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Cylinder` Liners, of which 'the following' is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the construction of cylinders for engines, and more particularly to the construction of ing same within the cylinders.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple and eliicient means for attaching liners to the interior walls of the cylinders.

In the manufacture of cylinders, such as pump'ing, gas or steam engine cylinders, it has been foundv difficult, especially on the larger sizes, to obtain cast metal on the in` terior working surfaces of the cylinders, which. is entirly free from-slag and blowholes. It is moreover often! desirable to make the major portion of the cylinder of one metal and to have t-he working surfaces thereof line'd with a different material. lIt becomes necessary to counterbore the cylinder and insert a liner which is devoid of defects or which is composed of a desirable material. Such inserted liners are usually shrunk into position within the cylinders, and it is to the construction and insertion of these liners that the present invention has particular relation.

' Aiclear conception of several embodiments to the accompanying drawing' in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in like or `different views.

Figure 1 is a central, vertical section of an enginexcylinder showing a liner constructed according to the invention inserted therein. Fig. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary, central, vertical section of the cylinder and liner shown in Fig. 1, showing the relative positions of these members before shrinking. llig. 3 is a central, vertical section of a fragment of an engine cylinder showing a modification of the liner shown in Fig. 1 inserted therein. The cylinder 1 `has a central, one-piece, bearing wall 2 may be of any desirable construction, type of engine with and of enlarged outside the end only.

d1ameters, which are 1 cold medium, such as water, which causes the liner 3 to contract slightly. The cylinder wall 2 is then provided with a heating jacket, such as steam of high temperature, which causes the cylinder Wall 2 to expand. The liner 3 is then dropped into the bore of the cylinder walls 2, the relative positions of the members being as shown in Fig. 2, that. is, with the annular clearance space 7 between them. The cold medium Within the liner 3 is Withdrawn While, at the same time, the heating jacket of the Wall 2 is removed, causing the liner 3 and Wall 2 to expand and contract respectively toward each other until the adjacent surfaces coact, thus completing the shrinking process. It Will be noted that during the shrinking, the portions 5, 6, of the liners as Well as the correspending portions of the cylinder Walls 2,

Will expand and contract longitudinally aswell as on' their respective diameters. By forming the anchoring flange 4 near the center of the liner,- the portions 5, 6, are allowed to expand avvayvfrom the center, While the Wall portion corresponding thereto contracts toward the flange 4.- With such relative expansion and shrinkage of the members, an ideal fastening of the'liners 3 is obtained, since the relative movement of the members is away from -the center rather than from one end of the cylinder. The use ofthe locking or anchoring ange 4 at the central portion of the liner 3 moreover forms a simple and eicient means for securing the liner 3 against end motion after shrinkage.

In the modication, see Fig. 3, the operation of shrinking the liner 31 into the cylinder Walls 2 is the same as above 'described for the preferred form. In this case, howansion of the liner 31 and the shrinkage o the Walls 2 is away from and toward one end of the liner 31, respectively, due to the abutment of the liner 31 against the ange 8 of the cylinder just before shrinking. The locking or anchoring fiange 4 of the modification is formed at the center ever, the eX Ao:..the liner 3l, thus providing a similar of the means for preventing end movement liner 31 after shrinkage.

It should be understood that it is not desired to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described, for obv vious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

It is claimed and ters Patent,-

l. In a cylinder, a liner havingan outer flange and portions of different diameters immediately adjacent said iange and on either side thereof, and a circumferentially continuous Wall member locked to said liner and closely fitting the port-ions of said liner of different diameters.

2. In a cylinder, a liner having an outer flange and portions of different diameters immediately adjacent said flange and on desired to secure by Leteither side thereof, and a circumferentially continuous wall member locked to said liner and Closely fitting the portions of said liner of different diameters, said liner being' insertible 'within said wall, member through one end thereof only.

In testimony whereof, I affix my Signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

CARL G. SPRADO. Witnesses:

W. H. LIEBER, H. C. CASE. 

